Barreled extended locally convex spaces and Uniform boundedness principle

For an extended locally convex space $(X,\tau)$, in [8], the authors studied the finest locally convex topology (flc topology) $\tau_F$ on $X$ coarser than $\tau$. One can often prove facts about $(X, \tau)$ by applying classical locally convex space theory on $(X, \tau_F)$. This paper employs the flc topology to analyze barreled extended locally convex spaces and establish the uniform boundedness principle in the extended setting. One of the key results of this paper is the relationship between the barreledness of an extended locally convex space $(X,\tau)$ and the barreledness of the associated finest locally convex space $(X, \tau_F)$. This is achieved by examining the lower semi-continuous seminorms on these spaces.Comment: 18 page

Reflexive extended locally convex spaces

For an extended locally convex space (elcs) $(X,\tau)$, the authors in [10] studied the topology $\tau_{ucb}$ of uniform convergence on bounded subsets of $(X,\tau)$ on the dual $X^*$ of $(X,\tau)$. In the present paper, we use the topology $\tau_{ucb}$ to explore the reflexive property of extended locally convex spaces. It is shown that an elcs is (semi) reflexive if and only if any of its open subspaces is (semi) reflexive. For an extended normed space, we show that reflexivity is a three-space property.Comment: 17 page

Perceptual model for adaptive local shading and refresh rate

When the rendering budget is limited by power or time, it is necessary to find the combination of rendering parameters, such as resolution and refresh rate, that could deliver the best quality. Variable-rate shading (VRS), introduced in the last generations of GPUs, enables fine control of the rendering quality, in which each 16×16 image tile can be rendered with a different ratio of shader executions. We take advantage of this capability and propose a new method for adaptive control of local shading and refresh rate. The method analyzes texture content, on-screen velocities, luminance, and effective resolution and suggests the refresh rate and a VRS state map that maximizes the quality of animated content under a limited budget. The method is based on the new content-adaptive metric of judder, aliasing, and blur, which is derived from the psychophysical models of contrast sensitivity. To calibrate and validate the metric, we gather data from literature and also collect new measurements of motion quality under variable shading rates, different velocities of motion, texture content, and display capabilities, such as refresh rate, persistence, and angular resolution. The proposed metric and adaptive shading method is implemented as a game engine plugin. Our experimental validation shows a substantial increase in preference of our method over rendering with a fixed resolution and refresh rate, and an existing motion-adaptive techniqu

A perceptual model of motion quality for rendering with adaptive refresh-rate and resolution

Limited GPU performance budgets and transmission bandwidths mean that real-time rendering often has to compromise on the spatial resolution or temporal resolution (refresh rate). A common practice is to keep either the resolution or the refresh rate constant and dynamically control the other variable. But this strategy is non-optimal when the velocity of displayed content varies. To find the best trade-off between the spatial resolution and refresh rate, we propose a perceptual visual model that predicts the quality of motion given an object velocity and predictability of motion. The model considers two motion artifacts to establish an overall quality score: non-smooth (juddery) motion, and blur. Blur is modeled as a combined effect of eye motion, finite refresh rate and display resolution. To fit the free parameters of the proposed visual model, we measured eye movement for predictable and unpredictable motion, and conducted psychophysical experiments to measure the quality of motion from 50 Hz to 165 Hz. We demonstrate the utility of the model with our on-the-fly motion-adaptive rendering algorithm that adjusts the refresh rate of a G-Sync-capable monitor based on a given rendering budget and observed object motion. Our psychophysical validation experiments demonstrate that the proposed algorithm performs better than constant-refresh-rate solutions, showing that motion-adaptive rendering is an attractive technique for driving variable-refresh-rate displays.</jats:p

The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010-19 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. Methods The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk-outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. Findings Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4.45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4.01-4.94) deaths and 105 million (95.0-116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44.4% (41.3-48.4) of all cancer deaths and 42.0% (39.1-45.6) of all DALYs. There were 2.88 million (2.60-3.18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50.6% [47.8-54.1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1.58 million (1.36-1.84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36.3% [32.5-41.3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20.4% (12.6-28.4) and DALYs by 16.8% (8.8-25.0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34.7% [27.9-42.8] and 33.3% [25.8-42.0]). Interpretation The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.Peer reviewe

Motion quality models for real-time adaptive rendering

The demand for compute power and transmission bandwidth is growing rapidly as the display technologies progress towards higher spatial resolutions and frame rates, more bits per pixel (HDR), and multiple views required for 3D displays. Advancement in real-time rendering has also made shading incredibly complex. However, GPUs are still limited in processing capabilities and often have to work at a fraction of their available bandwidth due to hardware constraints. In this dissertation, I build upon the observation that the human visual system has a limited capability to perceive images of high spatial and temporal frequency, and hence it is unnecessary to strive to meet these computational demands. I propose to model the spatio-temporal limitations of the visual system, specifically the perception of image artefacts under motion, and exploit them to improve the quality of rendering. I present four main contributions: First, I demonstrate the potential of existing motion quality models in improving rendering quality under restricted bandwidths. This validation is done using an eye tracker through psychophysical experiments involving complex motion on a G-Sync display. Second, I note that the current models of motion quality ignore the effect of displayed content and cannot take advantage of recent shading technologies such as variable-rate shading which allows for more flexible control of local shading resolution. To this end, I develop a new content-dependent model of motion quality and calibrate it through psychophysical experiments on a wide range of content, display configurations, and velocities. Third, I propose a new rendering algorithm that utilises such models to calculate the optimal refresh rate and local shading resolution given the allowed bandwidth. Finally, I present a novel high dynamic range multi-focal stereo display that will serve as an experimental apparatus for next-generation of perceptual experiments by enabling us to study the interplay of these factors in achieving perceptual realism

Closing Bell: Examining the relevance of Bell Curve

Through this study, we have explored the various expects of bell curve system of performance appraisal such as fairness, transparency, linkage to goals and efforts, its perceptions of the bell curve system of performance appraisals. We have analyzed the companies in various industries who are doing away with the bell curve and through our research we have identified thekey reasons for this and possible implications of this step. The data was collected from the employees, HR professionals and Industry experts across diverse fields. We have concluded the study with our findings, limitations and future scope of research. 

Retrieval of broken intra-medullary guide wire in femoral shaft fracture: A case report and surgical technique

Intramedullary Nailing is a standard procedure for fixation of various fractures in orthopedic practice. With the procedure also important is being aware of the complications and methods of managing them. A broken or stuck hardware can result in these procedures. We present a case with broken guide wire in a case of femoral shaft fracture in a young individual and the technique we used to retrieve it retrogradely from the fracture site. This technique shall be a useful technique to all the orthopedic surgeons if such a situation arises